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Posttraumatic deformities may occur after florid fracture healing. Systemic myopathies or neurologic pathologies may also be related. They are also associated with trauma, metabolic disorders such as rickets, or osteopathies such as renal osteopathy. During childhood they may be due to growth disorder with the premature closure of the epiphyseal plate. Limb alignment deformities may have a congenital or constitutional aetiology. Thereby, the deformities of the lower limb are defined as a deviation of the physiological axes. Definition of human normal limb alignment and malalignment are formulated from statistics. However, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can give more subtle information. For evaluation of the patellofemoral joint, skyline or Merchant views are used. Standing views allow the assessment of the tibiofemoral knee compartments states, including the joint space. However, the mechanical and anatomic axes of the lower limb are only precisely assessed if the ankle and hip positions are known. The alignment of the lower limb can be evaluated with standard radiographic techniques. Keywords: alignment anatomic tibiofemoral angle deformity knee lower limb alignment mechanical axis angle radiography